MADAMA BUTTERFLY, one of the most popular operas of Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924), is the story of the conflicting expectations of Lieutenant Pinkerton, an American naval officer, and Madame Butterfly (Cio-Cio San), who marry while Pinkerton is stationed in Nagasaki. Pinkerton intends to divorce Butterfly when he returns to the United States, but she believes that the marriage will last forever. When Pinkerton returns to Japan with his new wife Kate, Butterfly commits seppuku with her father's knife after placing an American flag in the hand of her son. The opera contains one of the repertoire's best known soprano arias, Un bel d?, vedremo in which Butterfly longs for Pinkerton to return to Japan. The original premiere of a version in two acts on February 17, 1904 at La Scala in Milan was a disaster, resulting in Puccini withdrawing that version and substantially rewriting the opera. The second version was in three acts, and it premiered on May 28, 1904 in Brescia to much greater success. In 1906 and 1907, Puccini created a third and fourth version for the Metropolitan Opera in New York and for Paris respectively. Finally, again in 1907, Puccini made the final revisions to the opera for a fifth version, and this is the one most often performed today, referred to as the "Standard Version." The INTRODUCTION to Act III begins as Butterfly finally falls asleep after staying up all night, waiting for Pinkerton's return to Japan, thinking that he will take her to America. Instrumentation: 3(3rd dPicc).2+EH.2+BCl.2: 4.3.3+BTbn.0: Timp.Perc(7-8): Hp: Str (9-8-7-6-5 in set).
